CS Notes

1. Difference between Software and Hardware:

  • Hardware: Physical parts of a computer that you can touch (like a keyboard, mouse, or monitor).
  • Software: Programs and instructions that tell the computer what to do (like Microsoft Word or Google Chrome).
HardwareSoftware
Physical components of a computer that you can touchPrograms and instructions that tell the hardware what to do
Tangible (has a physical form)Intangible (no physical form)
Can wear out over timeDoes not wear out but can become outdated
Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, CPUExamples: Microsoft Word, Google Chrome, Windows
Functions based on software instructionsControls the operation of hardware

2. Types of Operating Systems:

  • Windows: A popular operating system used in most personal computers.
  • macOS: The operating system for Apple computers (Mac).
  • Linux: An open-source operating system used by advanced users.
  • Android: The operating system for most smartphones and tablets.
  • iOS: The operating system for Apple’s mobile devices like iPhone and iPad.

3. List of Input, Output, and Storage Devices:

Input Devices:

Devices used to give data to the computer.

  • Keyboard: Used to type text.
  • Mouse: Used to point and click on things on the screen.
  • Scanner: Converts physical documents into digital format.

Output Devices:

Devices used to show or present the data processed by the computer.

  • Monitor: Displays text, images, and videos.
  • Printer: Prints documents from the computer onto paper.
  • Speakers: Outputs sound from the computer.

Storage Devices:

Devices used to store data.

  • Hard Drive (HDD): A storage device that saves large amounts of data.
  • Solid State Drive (SSD): A faster storage device compared to HDD.
  • USB Flash Drive: A small, portable storage device.
  • CD/DVD: Discs used to store data, music, or movies.

4. Definition and Difference between Data and Information:

  • Data: Raw facts and figures that have no specific meaning on their own. For example, “45”, “John”, and “Blue”.
  • Information: Processed data that has meaning and can be understood. For example, “John is 45 years old and likes the color blue.”
DataInformation
Raw, unprocessed factsProcessed, meaningful data
Example: 100, 200, 300Example: Test scores: 100, 200, 300
Alone, it doesn’t give full meaningProvides context and understanding
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