Decline of Mughal Empire

1. Reign of Aurangzeb (1658–1707) 2. War of Succession (1707–1712) 3. Reign of Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712) 4. Death of Bahadur Shah I and Another War of Succession (1712–1713) 5. Reign of Farrukhsiyar (1713–1719) 6. Muhammad Shah (1719–1748) 7. Sikh Uprisings 8. Decline Under Later Mughals 9. Rise of Independent States 10. Last Mughal Emperor … Read more

Aurangzeb

1. Coronation and Reign (1659 Onward) 2. Division of Aurangzeb’s Reign 3. Second Half of His Reign (1682-1707) – The Deccan Campaign 4. Religious Policies 5. Architectural Contributions Despite Aurangzeb’s conservative approach, he did contribute to Mughal architecture, although his reign was not as architecturally productive as that of his predecessors: 6. Major Figures of … Read more

Shah Jahan (1592-1666)

Shah Jahan’s Ascension and Struggle for SuccessionAfter the death of Emperor Jahangir in October 1627 in Rajauri, the struggle for succession began between his two surviving sons, Shah Jahan and Shahrayar. Shah Jahan was supported by his father-in-law, Asaf Khan, while Shahrayar was backed by his mother-in-law, the influential Empress Nur Jahan. To manage the … Read more

Akbar’s Early Life and Ascension to Power

Bairam Khan and the Regency (1556-1560) Akbar’s Relationship with His Family Rajput Policy and Military Campaigns Akbar’s Religious Policies and Reforms Akbar’s Military and Administrative Systems Expansion and Military Conquests Relations with Foreign Powers Cultural and Architectural Achievements Key Question: How did Akbar’s architectural projects reflect his vision of a united empire? Literature and Historiography … Read more

Reign of Jahangir (1605–1627)

Ascension to the Throne Rebellion of Khusrau Loss of Qandhar (1622) Nur Jahan’s Influence Political Intrigues Shah Jahan reconciled with Jahangir by sending his two sons, Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb, to the Mughal court. Revolt of Mahabat Khan Military Campaigns uprising of the Bara Bhuiyans: Bengal Rebellion – Bara Bhuiyans Uprising: The Bara Bhuiyans were … Read more

Humayun (1508–1556)

Humayun ascended the throne of Delhi on December 30, 1530, just days after his father Babur’s death. His reign, however, was fraught with challenges, particularly from his brothers and rivals like Kamran Mirza, who aspired to control parts of the empire. Kamran, his half-brother, became the governor of Kabul and Lahore and was one of … Read more

Babar: The Founder of the Mughal Empire and His Legacy

Babur’s Early Life: Struggles for Samarkand and Farghana: Babur’s Occupation of Kabul: Babur’s Campaigns in Indo-Pakistan: Battle of Panipat (1526): Further Battles and Conflict with Rana Sanga: Babur as an Author:

Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320)

Jalaluddin Khalji (1290-1296)  Jalaluddin Khalji ascended the throne of Delhi in 1290 at the age of 75, marking the beginning of the Khilji Dynasty. His rule followed the end of the Mamluk Dynasty. Made two unsuccessful attempts to recapture the fort of Ranthambor, demonstrating the challenges he faced in consolidating power. Displayed extreme strictness in … Read more

The Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526)

The Lodi dynasty was the last dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, founded by Bahlol Lodi in 1451 after the abdication of the last Sayyid ruler, Alam Shah. Here’s a detailed account of the Lodi dynasty, including its key figures and events, leading to the establishment of the Mughal Empire: 1. Bahlol Lodi (1451-1489) 2. Sikandar … Read more

Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)

The Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451) was an important but relatively short-lived dynasty in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. It was founded by Khizr Khan, who laid the foundation for this new era in the Sultanate’s history following the decline of the Tughlaq dynasty. The Sayyid dynasty played a transitional role in the history of the … Read more